Spazio aperto

Between 1958 and 1959, the artist began to match suggestive musical titles to his works: “Not out of a strictly musical idea I painted the large canvases of Canti fiamminghi, in Antwerp and Milan, in the two winters of 1957 and 1958... To escape nature’s trap, it must be considered as a real term, indeed, as the ideal and disinterested, as well as necessary, environment within which every development of reality itself is determined: physical and moral, i.e. concrete. Only concrete reality generates vast and continuous conditions. But only moral reality concerns all the arts, even the most abstract, which is music.”

Ricerca del vero canto (1958), one of this season’s masterpieces, will enter the collection of Stanley J. Seeger Jr. from Princeton together with Incendio delle Cinque Terre (1957), after the solo exhibition at Catherine Viviano in New York. Later chosen for the room entirely dedicated to the artist at the XXX Venice Biennale in 1960, it will appear in the exhibition of the Seeger collection held at the Art Museum of Princeton University, in Princeton, the following year.

The relations between Afro, Birolli and Toti Scialoja are in this period of close collaboration, strengthened by the summer stays spent in Procida, the island then attracting American artists such as de Kooning, Rothko, and Twombly. In September 1957 Birolli spent a week there. In the late summer of 1957 Scialoja drew up his first Impronte, preceded by a series of large-scale paintings conceived on his return from his trip to New York. The canvas entitled Strappo belongs to this cycle of works, in which the use of transparencies predominates, letting the colour slowly emerging as if from the depth of the surface.

In the large horizontal format, the tangencies and distances of Abstract Expressionism canons can be read. Scialoja still shuns the all-over which will prefigure itself in the later experiences, maintaining a dialectic between full and empty within the field of the page. In the drastic reduction of the chromatic register, the artist foreshadows the radical choices of 1960-61, making the tonal chords inherited from Morandi’s lesson coexist with acute sensitivity. “I try to reconstruct lumps, perhaps, not ‘forms’: densities, confluences, ganglia, shadow seals, in the shadows, centres of light, the anxiety of a living articulation for something that will never be defined. Encounters with myself: knots, collisions perhaps, held together by a persistence that is love, a source that always starts to flow again, the repetition of the same note”, so Scialoja writes in his Giornale di pittura.

The centrality of the gesture that becomes violent in Scialoja, hinging on chromaticism clearly departing from the skilful tonal agreement governing the composition, re-emerges also in the work by Giuseppe Santomaso, another protagonist of the Italian scene.

The evolution of lyrical abstraction towards a personal idea of “Abstract Expressionism” is perceivable in his research already at the end of the 1950s, and more fully in the early 1960s, when the typical body drafts, for example of the cycle of “Cantieri”, being the result of stratifications, are followed by other interventions with splashes of colour and drippings. The two trips to Puglia in 1960 with Werner Haftmann gave him suggestions then merged into paintings such as Verso Matera or Paese, offering the spur to draft ideal “travel diaries”, born of strong emotional tensions. “From the images of memory and from those formal crystallizations, a flow full of images is born in the painter […], a dialogue full of tension, from one moment to the next” (W. Haftmann, 1964).

If the memory of a real or imaginary place runs through Santomaso’s work by relating the “soul” of the forms with the “soul” of the colours, in Emilio Vedova it gets highly specific values. After the series inspired by places he himself visited, such as Dal diario del Brasile or the cycles Per la Spagna, these latter conceived with very specific purposes of political denunciation, in the 1970s it was America that animated the artist’s expressive repertoire, the country that after World War II collected the legacy left by Europe as the epicentre of contemporary art, but also the place of contradictions and social disparities, which the artist feels the duty to denounce, so as to prove that he is not an inert witness to abuses he considers unacceptable.

De America, therefore, is the title of a series of large-format paintings from 1976, which will be joined the following year by smaller canvases, offering the viewer a completely personal reading of the overseas world, full of tensions and of contrasts seen, not surprisingly, through a black and white palette.